Archaeobotany: Phytolith teaching & research images

to Dorian Fuller's staff profile
to his article downloads

to Archaeobotanical resources

to Institute of Archaeology homepage

OLD WORLD REFERENCE PHYTOLITHS version 1.3

This is a work in progress to make available a set of phytolith photographs of Old World reference material. Starting particularly with the Near East but with some material from India & China.

Reference material from the Institute's collections has been ashed, mounted and photographed. The ashing, slide preparation and photography has been carried out by Emma Harvey, Alison Weisskopf, Phillippa Ryan, and Rhiannon Jackson. The initial focus is husk material from the Near Eastern grasses. A few external links have been included. This project was started with support from an ESCILTA grant from University College London.

Try this phytolith learners worksheet: worksheet 1.0 [pdf] . .........Feedback appreciated

Index to families & grass subfamilies (below) ..............................morphotype indices [prototype: under construction]

Aceraceae (maples) Cyperaceae (Sedges) Ulmaceae (elms)
Anacardiaceae Equisetaceae (horsetails)  
Arecaceae (palms) Fagaceae (oaks and beech)  
Boraginaceae (gromwells) Graminae (see Poaceae below)  
Cistaceae (rock roses) Musaceae (bananas)  
Cucurbitaceae (Gourds)

Palmae (= Arecaceae)

Poaceae / Graminae (Grasses)
subfamily Arundinoideae
subfamily Bambusoideae
subfamily Chloridoideae
subfamily Ehrhartoideae
subfamily Panicoideae
subfamily Pooideae

 

Grass (POACEAE) phytoliths, arranged by subfamily. Other families follow.
genera are aphabetical within subfamily.

Arundinoideae

Saddle- taller than chloridoid

Arundo donax  

Phragmites australis (syn. P. communis)

 

Bambusoideae

Tall saddles, bilobes, and rondels

Bambusoid genera

 

Chloridoideae Squat saddles and bilobes

Aeluropus littoralis

 

Cynodon dactylon

 

Dactyloctenium aegyptium (infloresence)

(culm)

Eleusine indica

 

Eleusine coracana

 

Eragrostis minor

 

Eragrotis pectinacea

 

Ehrhartoideae

Scopped bilobes

Leersia oryzoides

 

Oryza granulata

 

Oryza nivara

 

Oryza officinalis

 

Oryza punctata

 

Oryza rufipogon

 

Oryza sativa

more Oryza sativa husk

Oryza spontanea

 

Panicoideae

Bilobes, and rondels

Bracharia ramosa

 

Cenchrus pennisetiformis

 

Cenchrus (extrenal links) Cenchrus longispinus leaf / infloresence (American)

Coix lacryma-jobi

 

Digitaria

 

Echinochola colona

 

Echinochloa crus-galli

 

Panicum miliaceum (husk)

(culm) (leaf)

Panicum sumatrense

 

Panicum turgidum (leaf)

(inflorescence)

Panicum typheron

 

Paspalum scrobiculatum

 

Pennisteum alopecuroides

 

Pennisetum glaucum

 

Saccharum officinale (culm node)  
Saccharum spontaneum (leaf)  

Setaria italica

 

Setaria palmiflora

 

Setaria plicata

 

Setaria pumila

 

Setaria verticillata

 

Setaria viridis

 

Sorghum bicolour (leaf) (culm)

 

Pooideae

Rondels and long wavy trapezoids

Aegilops crassa


Aegilops speltoides


Agropyron pectiniforme
(=A. cristatum)
 

Agrostis gigantea

 

Agrostis spp. (external links)

Agrostis alba (American), A. elliottiana (American)

Alopecurus arundinaceus

 

Alopecurus myosuroides

 

Avena barbata  
Avena fatua  
Avena sativa  
Briza minor (external links: leaf) (external link: root)

Bromus catharicus

 

Bromus sterilis

 

Bromus tectorum

 

Dactylis glomerata (external links) leaf ../.. infloresence

Eremopyrum bonaepartis

 

Eremopyrum confuscum

 

Eremopyrum tritceum

 

Festuca sp. (rachis) (culm)  

Hordeum spontaneum

 

Hordeum vulgare..... 2 row.... 6 row

more Hordeum vulgare husk

Koeleria cristata

 

Lolium temulentum

 

Lolium rigidum

 

Lolium persicum

 

Phalaris aquatica

 

Phalaris arundinacea

 

Phalaris canariensis

 

Phalaris minor

 

Pharalis paradoxa

 

Poa sp. Poa spp. (external images)

Secale anatolicum

 

Secale cereale

 

Secale montanum

 

Stipa capensis

 

Stipa capillata

 

Stipa pennata

 

Taeniatherum caput-medusae crinitum

 

Triticum aestivum

 

Triticum boeoticum

 

Triticum compactum

 

Triticum carthlicum

 

Triticum dicoccoides

 

Triticum dicoccum

 

Triticum durum

 

Triticum macha

 

Triticum monococcum

 

Triticum spelta

 

Triticum sphaerococcum

 

Triticum timopheevi

(awn)

Triticum turgidum

 

Triticum vavilovii

 

   
Maples (ACERACEAE)  
Acer campestre  
   
ANACARDIACEAE  
Pistacia sp. (fruit)  
   
palms (ARECACEAE)  
Borassus flabellifer  
Cocos nucifera  
   
(BORAGINACEAE)  
Arnebia decumbens  
Buglossoides tenuiflora  
   
(CISTACEAE)  
Helianthemum salicifolium  
   
(CUCURBITACEAE)  
Lagenaria sciceraria (external sources) Steve Archer's Lagenaria


Lagenaria diagnostic from D. Piperno's webpage

Sedges (CYPERACEAE)

 

Carex divisa

 

Carex hispida  
Cyperus rotundus  
Scirpus lacustris  
   

horsetails (EQUISETACEAE)

 
Equisetum variegata  
   
oak/beech (FAGACEAE)  
Fagus sylvatica  
   
bananas (MUSACEAE)  
Musa paradisica  
   
elms (ULMACEAE)  
Ulmus sp.  
   
   

Website constructed and maintained by Dorian Q Fuller.... please email feedback
last updated 16 April 2007

visitors since 7 June 2007
View My Stats